.
. ORAL HISTORY
Today, November 20, 1975, has fallen Madrid's Wall. Has lasted nearly 40 years. Who better than two characters who have lived all this time, each side of the wall to remember the consequences of this divide? Talk
SANCHÍS CARLOS, Madrid
This
Just before
Carlos Sanchis
I come from Mad rid East, the sector of the Republic, of course ... I remember when the rebellion Basque Country, in the autumn of 37, then the Basques were already in what became known as national area (for us, rebel). What of the Basques was a spectacular victory (the Basques returned to the Republic) ... as more and more land was lost to the army of Franco . Apparently, the Basque nationalists could not take anymore, requested help from England and is granted it, right? La Lonja de Valencia, venue of the meetings
Republicans Courts 1 and 2 October 1937
However, what I really think it was that brought peace countries ion Valencia Courts 1 and 2 October ... 1937. That seemed to lie! I was twenty, but I remember very well. After twelve months of not only fighting but also terrible shootings in the area of \u200b\u200bthe English Republic, where I was, Cortes were held and there that were attracted people of different political persuasions, to Portela Valladares, the right-wing buddy Gil Robles ! Then forget the quarrels that divided supporters of the Republic, condemned the walks, supported the reopening of churches and formed a government in which people came very conservative, bourgeois, almost traditional. [JOSE ANTONIO .- Well, that went through what happened. As changes in both government ... Once you had to find the key to winning the support of France, England and Russia! That's nothing! These three anti-German! ]
Excuse me, but let me go. It is agreed that all of us! It was unforgettable that session of the Cortes. I remember the welcome Prime Minister Negrin parties thought to be enemies of the Republic. It was decided hold elections, which won Besteiro, who fulfilled his promise to give ministries statesmen. And to secure the support of France, of course.
Bern (Switzerland), 1937
I'm sure that contributed to the revolt of the Basques, who came back with us soon. I am also sure that, knowing that it lost more and more seats, the President Azana did everything possible to make peace. He always said he refused to talk to Franco, and Franco with him, but do not know ... That was the Treaty of ... No, the Bern Convention , that. That was when Spain was split in two. Curious Date: 24 December. I was then ... 20. The two sides decided ... stop the war after a year of madness. Juan Negrin, president of Spain
True Republic changed a lot. Capital was changed to Barcelona, \u200b\u200b
rule that began what was once the East of Spain, namely Catalonia, Valencia, Baleares, Castilla la Nueva, Murcia and eastern Andalusia in addition to the Basque Country. Well, yes, Madrid was split in two, with that fence overwhelming to which I have peered almost every day until today. Aid began to arrive from France and other countries. What a relief ... because we fed better. It was then ana Negrin resigned to leaving as president, right? Negrin was president and kept the alliance with France. I remember d
fter wine ... Prieto, Indalecio Prieto, almost m 
Urio in office. Was more and gave up ... at 60, I think. So I think it took a step back with the election of Madariaga. Yes, Salvador de Madariaga , who now renounces the Presidency. Well, we'll see if it was a step forward or backward. Don Indalecio ... and Don Salvador
The two Koreas. The two Germanys. The two Vietnams. The two Cyprus ...
The two Spains: Spain Western and Eastern Spain.
Now it meet the other half, right? Yes, and tear down this wall of shame. Vale has also happened in Korea, Vietnam, in Germany (which still has its wall) and, recently, in Cyprus. Countries and cities parties two, one thing that has not been that bad.
Dionisio Ridruejo died in office
I'm very proud of one thing: that in all this time the English Republic, has not fallen in any period of dictatorship. We've had elections as a civilized nation and premiers of all stripes, including self Besteiro and those who followed him: Portela (And they say they were red!) , Llopis ... Oh, and Ridruejo , which went from the rebels to the Republic and that I did not like at first, but then ... Spoke so well! Well, to Ruiz-Giménez, I liked least ... Perhaps there has been no choice but to moderate even more to ... Well, for reunification. Deep down I'm glad most of all, in Madrid. Talk JOSÉ ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ , Madrid
West
José Antonio González 
funny thing was the way date set , right? Right in the day I die our Head of State Francisco Franco. That is, today. We have we had elections, but we've always had an iron hand has managed to have followed alive Catholic Spain, the family values \u200b\u200band faith in God have not been weakened, as has happened in the Republic of Spain that. Well, it is best to end the division and that we all call Spain. It should be. No caption
The Basque
Me m
and surprised that the Basque rebel . I think that they alone, without interference, would have remained with us. At last, after all, are just as Catholics. I am sure that England was interested ... by the steel ... Anyway ... Suddenly, we halved. The Bern Convention , yes. Actually, I was fine because I also shot the two parties friends y. .. War is bad, no. That had to end. With a year of killing it was enough. Now, you have to build a wall was not such a high price. The Estado Novo
is true that we were a bit lonely after Germany lost World War. What intelligence of the Head of State! Yes, our English was all West. How clever Franco, yes, the annex Portugal! We are convinced of the need to forge links with our Portuguese brothers never had to break centuries ago! "God, Country and Family" Is that bad? At first, no, but I recognize that ultimately seemed well Salazar. Well they say that Franco and he will be combined to perfection. How strange that April 1, 1939 when he was born the new state of Spain and Portugal! How curious name: a little long, but then we liked them all ... I mean, us. Thankfully, neither we nor the other side we got into World War!
Dom António not
never learned well the Castilian
The New State went well. Always with our Franco as head of state, but Prime Ministers who have managed to maintain our expansion civilization in Africa and even Asia. I liked Gil Robles ... Too bad it lasts so little and then ended up in Barcelona! The two periods Salazar went well, saved us from the isolation that we wanted to impose the UN! I remember with sadness the murder of our President Carrero Blanco, I do not know if the other party had something to do ... Then I do not know: I really liked the latter, Areilza , as friend of the Republicans ... Yes, I recognize that we must back together, that we failed While the Portuguese learn Castilian. And that we have left Lisbon became the capital in recent ... Twenty years! But it is best to go their separate ways (Portugal, that is) and I can travel without paperwork to Barcelona, \u200b\u200bValencia, La Mancha ... We have looked bad for nearly forty years and that ... No, not good. I am sorry that this happen now, when just írsenos Franco, who did so much for our faith .. Well, we'll see what happens ...
a reunion
JOSE ANTONIO .- Well, Don Carlos, come over here ... CARLOS
. - I'm here, man! Can not you see I have already gone to Madrid West ? These puertecetas that have opened are fine! JOSE ANTONIO
. - Now we can ... To give a hug! CARLOS
.- Come that hug! JOSE ANTONIO
.- Come! CARLOS
.- Do you know what a nightmare I had at times, Mr. José Antonio? That war lasted two more years ... Come on, a ghost. Three years of misfortune, and blood. The number of people who have killed in two years! And, if one side had won, imagine what a horror of exile! I think it was worth it to have two countries ... JOSE ANTONIO
.- I do not know if it was a good idea ... CARLOS
.- Man! To say that Franco never wanted your election! JOSE ANTONIO
.- Here we go! Come on, let it now and show me those who say that French restaurants are in Madrid this
CARLOS .- Come on, yeah, come on! And then I have you to take a good cod!
CHRONOLOGY
session of the Republican Cortes in Valencia, 1 and 2 October 1937
October 30, 1937: Constituent Assembly Elections in Republican zone. Victory of the socialist-liberal coalition Julian Besteiro.
November 1937 military uprising in the Basque Country, Mallorca and Ibiza against the government of Francisco Franco.
December 1937 Annexation the Basque Country, Mallorca and Ibiza to the Republican zone. Construction d Madrid's Wall and the division of the city into two sectors, Madrid Este (R) and Real West (nationalist).
December 24, 1937. Berne Agreement, by which Spain is divided into two states: the English Republic, with its capital at Barcelona, \u200b\u200band the New State of Spain, capital Salamanca interim.
March 12, 1939: Enactment of a new Constitution in the English Republic and proclamation of the Third Republic, known as the Republic of Spain.
April 1, 1939: Unification of Portugal and the New State of Spain, capital Lisbon and the designation of NEEP ( New State of Spain and Portugal ).
September 9, 1948: First meeting of the Heads of State of the Republic of Spain, Indalecio Prieto, and the New State of Spain and Portugal, Francisco Franco, during a friendly soccer match held in Cordoba.
November 1950 fiasco of the negotiations political and economic character of the Presidents of the Government of both countries, Mr. António Oliveira Salazar and Manuel Portela.
October 1959: Attempts by the Prime Minister of NEEP, Jose Maria Gil-Robles to agree on a reunification NEEP and the Republic of Spain.
December 1960 Dismissal of Jose Maria Gil-Robles as Prime Minister of NEEP and exile himself to Valencia, in the Republic of Spain. Don José María switched to another State
April 25, 1974: Carnation Revolution in Portugal and secession NEEP this change of name of the zone repulicana, which becomes West Spain .
February 12, 1975: Signature Granada Agreements, by Jose Maria de Areilza, Prime Minister of Spain Western pact with Ridruejo Dionisio, president of Spain, reunification of the two States and the future appointment of Francisco Fernández Ordóñez as head of government, facts that would place the same day the death occurs of the Head of State of Western Spain, Francisco Franco, ignorant of the agreement. Areilza, "another traitor? November 20, 1975: Death of Francisco Franco, Head of State of Western Spain. Inaugural session of Francisco Fernandez Ordonez, held in Madrid with members of the Parliament of Salamanca and Barcelona, \u200b\u200band in establishing Spain as a unified nation.
TWO STATES
REPUBLIC OF SPAIN (1937-1975)
Capital: Barcelona
HEADS OF STATE
Juan Negrin (1937-45)
Indalecio Prieto (1945-1961)
Salvador de Madariaga (1961-1975)
PRIME MINISTERS
Julián Besteiro (1937-40)
Diego Martinez Barrios (1940-1945)
Manuel Portela (1945-53) Paul
Azcarate (1953-61)
Ricardo Llopis (1961-1969) Dionysius
Ridruejo (1969-75)
Joaquín Ruiz-Jiménez (1975)
NEW STATE OF SPAIN (1937-39)
NEEP (NEW STATE OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL) (1937-1974)
WESTERN SPAIN (1974-75)
Capital: Lisbon
(1937 to 1953 )
Salamanca (1953-55)
Lisbon (1955-1970)
Salamanca (1970-75)
Chiefs of Francisco Franco (1936-1975) GOVERNMENT CHAIRMEN
António de Oliveira Salazar (1937-1953) José María Gil Robles
(1953-1960)
António de Oliveira Salazar (1960 -68)
Luis Carrero Blanco (1968-1973) José María de Areilza
(1973-75)
SPAIN, November 20, 1975
FIRST MINISTER: Francisco Fernández Ordóñez
Head of state: ¿¿¿..................................... .................?????
(Please you name it kindly)
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